7 Science-Tested Methods for Remembering Everything You Read About Stocks
And how to master any industry in 30 days: A neuroscientist's guide for investors
Dear Reader: Welcome to my newsletter. In this article, I'll share a roundup of the most practical learning protocols and strategies for any investor dealing with the need to retain and process large amounts of information. Let's begin.
Buffett says that you don’t need to be a genius to be successful at investing; he says that you just need the right orientation on how to think about stocks.
Well, I'm not going to contradict the greatest investor of all time, but I believe that beyond being a genius, processing and retrieving vast amounts of information comes in really handy.
When I'm researching a company, I like to imagine that I've just been offered the CEO position and have to start next week. I’ve found that this mindset keeps me disciplined in thinking about stocks as small pieces of the business.
Now, regarding the process of retrieving large amounts of information, is there anything from neuroscience or the science of education that can help us with that? I believe there is.
Leveraging neuroplasticity1 and different learning strategies, anyone can greatly improve their knowledge retention rate and the speed at which they absorb new information.
I’ve always been impressed by Buffett’s memory regarding business metrics, ratios, and figures. If you take a look at the Annual Meetings Archive, you will quickly realize what I’m talking about.
Now, consider your own journey. If you have ever felt overwhelmed by the flood of data, or the sheer volume of information you're expected to handle as an investor, here's the hook: your brain isn't a fixed entity; it's a dynamic, ever-evolving organ. With the right approaches, it’s possible to harness neuroplasticity to improve every part of your investment process.
Today, I’ll touch on only a few of these protocols. I hope you find them useful and that they pique your interest in learning more about cutting-edge developments in neuroscience.
After reading this article, I hope you'll be able to:
Retain more with less effort, thanks to memory strategies like spaced repetition.
Engage deeply with material, making every piece of data a stepping stone to greater insight through active reading and elaborative rehearsal.
Think more creatively and critically, using analogical thinking to solve complex investment problems by relating them to familiar concepts.
Enhance your learning through social interaction, by applying social learning theory principles, gaining from the insights and feedback of a community.
Master visual learning techniques, like mind mapping and radiant thinking, to organize thoughts and data visually for clearer analysis.
Strengthen your knowledge through teaching, as explaining concepts to others can solidify your own understanding and uncover gaps in your knowledge.
Excited? Ok, let’s dive in.
1) How I Use The "Testing Effect" from Cognitive Psychology to Enhance Retention
50%, fifty percent. That's how much retention increases after implementing a testing routine immediately after finishing studying or reading material.
The way we typically try to learn new information - by repeatedly reading and reviewing material - is one of the least effective methods for long-term retention.
Testing experiments show that actively retrieving information through self-testing leads to significantly better long-term retention than passive review.
More so, these studies shown that2:
The phenomenon applies broadly to different types of learning materials, including brief passages and flower part labels3
The effect isn't simply due to increased processing time but rather depends on the number of complete retrieval events4
The effectiveness of testing is influenced by the completeness of the initial retrieval event5
Even if you don’t receive feedback about the correctness of your answers the testing effect still improves recall.6
So, what are some practical ideas we can use as investors during the research process? Let’s see below. Also, you can listen to this podcast for further detail on this topic:
Key Idea: Mental exercise through active recall fortifies memory. By challenging yourself to retrieve information, you're not just checking what you remember; you're actively reinforcing and deepening the neural pathways that underpin your understanding.
Why It Works:
Strengthens Neural Pathways: Each time you recall information, you're reinforcing the neural pathways associated with that knowledge, making it more accessible in the future.
Identifies Weaknesses: Testing reveals what you don't know, allowing you to focus your study efforts more effectively.
Boosts Confidence: Regular success in recalling information builds confidence, important for making investment decisions, but guess what? it also helps to reinforce the habit of testing because of the positive reinforcement.
How I Integrated It into My Routine
Test immediately and test often (use spaced repetition protocols, more on this later).
Use varied testing formats (though short open ended questions work best). You can mix up your testing approach by experimenting with:
Written summaries from memory in an investing journal
Verbal explanations (as if teaching someone else)
Comparative analyses between different companies or situations
Problem-solving scenarios that apply the information in new contexts
Use LLMs to create short open-ended questions from texts you read and grade you, pointing out your weaknesses. Every time I read an earnings call transcript, I copy and paste it into Claude to create those questions.
If something is really important I send it to Anki for later spaced repetition recall. Anki works marvels. Read this for more on augmenting long-term memory with spaced repetition.
Do weekly review tests for the most important material read during the week.
Do thematic quizzes to gain rapid expertise on a sector. For example, one week you could focus on understanding the competitive landscape of the tech sector with questions about market share, key players, and technological innovations.
Create scenarios where you must use the information you've learned to make hypothetical investment decisions.
Error correct. When you answer a question incorrectly, don't just move on; revisit the material to understand why you got it wrong. This correction process is itself a powerful learning tool.
Conclusion: If you have to read two papers on the testing effect read this one and this one. Surprisingly, students that did passive re-reading felt more confident about the material but tested worse than students that leverage the testing effect. Test throughly and test often.
Supporting Papers:
-Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006). Test-enhanced learning: Taking memory tests improves long-term retention. Psychological Science, 17(3), 249-255.
-Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L. (2008). The critical importance of retrieval for learning. Science, 319(5865), 966-968.
-Roediger, H. L., & Butler, A. C. (2011). The critical role of retrieval practice in long-term retention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(1), 20-27.
-Agarwal, P. K., Karpicke, J. D., Kang, S. H. K., Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (2008). Examining the testing effect with open- and closed-book tests. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22(7), 861-876.
-Rowland, C. A. (2014). The effect of testing versus restudy on retention: A meta-analytic review of the testing effect. Psychological Bulletin, 140(6), 1432-1463.2) Efficient Ways Of Downloading Information Into Your Wetware
Again. Read this long form essay. It’s pretty much all you need to know on how to apply spaced repetition.
Why would you care? Three key benefits.
Time Efficiency: You spend less total time reviewing but remember more.
Retention: Information is transformed into long-term memory, reducing the need for last-minute cramming.
Personalization: The system adapts to your learning pace, making it effective regardless of your baseline knowledge.
Key Idea: Spaced repetition is a science-backed strategy for turning knowledge into long-term memory with efficiency. You would employ sophisticated spaced repetition systems (SRS) and algorithms, so you can schedule your study sessions in a way that leverages our brain's natural learning curve, ensuring that information sticks with less time spent reviewing.
Why It Works:
Spaced repetition works on the principle that we remember information more effectively if we revisit it at increasing intervals over time. Instead of cramming, which leads to rapid forgetting, SRS algorithms schedule your reviews at the optimal moments when you're just about to forget.
Concept you have to get familiar with: Ebbinghaus forgetting curve.
It’s called forgetting curve. The probability of recall decreases as time passes after learning new material.
But, if you implement scheduled reviews at precise times after learning the marterial you can soften the forgetting curve and save the information in your long-term memory directly.
How I Integrated It into My Routine:
Choose your SRS tool. You can experiment with Anki, SuperMemo, or Quizlet.
Categorize information. Use decks. I have decks for investment theory, for company facts, for news, etc. Choose your categories.
For each piece of information, make a flashcard. On one side, write the question or prompt (e.g., "What is the competitive advantage of XYZ Corp?"), and on the other, the answer.
Optimize review intervals. If you frequently miss a piece of information, the algorithm will decrease the interval until you've mastered it. Conversely, if you consistently recall something, the interval extends.
Incorporate these review sessions into your daily schedule. Even a few minutes each day can significantly enhance retention.
Conclusion: Memory of basic facts and terminology is often the biggest barrier to understanding complex topics. Having core knowledge readily accessible in memory makes it much easier to:
Learn new technical subjects more rapidly
Make creative connections between ideas
Think fluently about complex topics
Using SRS tools is a no-brainer to rapidly dominate industry and company knowledge.
Ok, let’s keep going.
Supporting Papers:
-Wozniak, P. A., & Gorzelanczyk, E. J. (1994). Optimization of repetition spacing in the practice of learning. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, 54, 59-62.
-Cepeda, N. J., Pashler, H., Vul, E., Wixted, J. T., & Rohrer, D. (2006). Distributed practice in verbal recall tasks: A review and quantitative synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(3), 354-380.
-Smolen, P., Zhang, Y., & Byrne, J. H. (2016). The right time to learn: Mechanisms and optimization of spaced learning. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17(2), 77-88.3) Leveraging "Social Learning Theory": The Importance of Talking To Others
You need to talk to other investors. Preferably in person.
Yes, I know there are loners who thrive in isolation, but I believe the majority of investors benefit from interacting with other knowledgeable professionals, this can translate into faster, deeper, and more robust learning.
The benefits are clear: different viewpoints, strategies, and interpretations of the same data increase motivation and accountability. Additionally, teaching others or explaining concepts in a group setting reinforces your own understanding and memory.
Key Idea: Humans are inherently social creatures, and when it comes to learning, we thrive in community. Social Learning Theory states that we learn not just from direct experience but also through observing and interacting with others.
Why It Works:
Observational Learning and Modelling : Bandura's Social Learning Theory. Albert Bandura's research shows that individuals can learn behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions by observing others. He did a famous Bobo doll experiment that demonstrated how children imitate aggressive behaviors they've seen. In an investment context, observing others' methods, strategies, and reactions to market changes can provide you with a model for behavior and decision-making.
Cognitive Development: Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). Lev Vygotsky's theory states that learning occurs most effectively when individuals are challenged with tasks just beyond their current ability, but within reach with guidance from more capable peers or mentors. Social learning environments naturally provide this scaffolding.
How I Integrated It into My Routine:
Form study or mastermind groups. Gather a small group of investors or analysts with similar or complementary goals. You can have a clear agenda or a rotating leadership role where each member leads a session on their area of expertise.
Join forums and groups. Participate in platforms like Reddit's r/investing, X fintwit, or even Ceo.ca forums for Canadian stocks. Don't just lurk; post questions, share insights, and engage in discussions.
Seek feedback loops. Publish your analyses and receive feedback.
Peer teaching. Nothing solidifies your understanding like teaching someone else.
Role-playing with your group: one person can play the role of a bearish investor, another a bullish one, and argue over a stock's potential. Then switch and see what happens.
Mentorship. Both being a mentor and having one can accelerate learning.
Attend conferences, events, shareholder meetings, network with other investors.
Conclusion: By leveraging social learning, you're amplifying your learning potential. Having a community to learn with can mean the difference between getting lost in the desert or finding your way to the oasis.
Ok, what else?
Supporting Papers:
-Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63(3), 575-582.
-Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
-Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Gallese, V., & Fogassi, L. (1996). Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Research, 3(2), 131-141.
-Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., & Rizzolatti, G. (1996). Action recognition in the premotor cortex. Brain, 119(2), 593-609.4) Radiant Thinking: Visual Strategies I Use To Take Notes
You’d be surprise how much it helps to put pen to paper and jot down your thoughts and understanding in an actual sheet of paper.
We are so used to the digital medium that we have forgotten how useful and how much better the physical medium works (yes, there’s research about that too, I’ll do a future article on this).
Besides journaling about your investment decisions, etc. I found that the best way of organizing thoughts or data points about a topic is using mind maps.
It’s called radiant thinking. You start from the centre and expand with branches.
There are several studies that attest the effectiveness of this technique, I’ll put the citations below, but the best way is using it yourself in your research routine.
I also provided some examples. As you can see theres no one way to do it. Find the one that work the best for you.
Key Idea: Mind mapping harnesses this natural inclination to think in connections and associations, it transforms your understanding of complex subjects into something visual, intuitive, and, in my experience, really insightful and easy to remember.
Why It Works?
It’s a set of theories really that provide explanation on what’s happening.
Dual Coding Theory (Paivio, 1986):
This theory explains that information is processed through two distinct but interconnected systems: verbal and visual. Mind mapping uses both systems by combining text (verbal) with images, colors, and spatial arrangements (visual), leading to better retention and understanding as information is encoded in multiple forms.
Schema Theory:
Schemas are cognitive frameworks that help us organize and interpret information. Mind maps help in the construction of these schemas by visually representing the relationships between different pieces of information, aiding in the comprehension and integration of new knowledge into existing cognitive structures.
Working Memory and Cognitive Load:
By organizing information hierarchically and spatially, mind maps can reduce the intrinsic cognitive load associated with learning complex topics. They help manage the limited capacity of working memory by chunking information into visually organized segments, allowing for more efficient processing and retention.
Attention and Engagement:
The use of colours, images, and spatial arrangements in mind mapping captures attention more effectively than linear text. This can lead to increased engagement with the material, which is important for deep learning, as attention is a precursor to memory and understanding.
Associative Memory:
Mind maps leverage associative memory by linking ideas in ways that are not strictly linear but associative, similar to how memories are naturally linked in our brains. This can facilitate easier retrieval of information as one idea can cue another through these associations.
How I Integrated It into My Routine:
So I generally have 10 main branches for each company I look where I start to “hang” the different data points and to find relationships between each other: business, industry, competitors, competitive advantage, growth drivers, financials, valuation, management, risk and a “Why do I like it?” section.
Steps would be the following:
Start with a Central Idea:
Begin your mind map with a core concept, like a company name or an industry.
Branch Out Naturally:
From this center, draw main branches for major categories (e.g., business, competitive advantage, etc.).
Each branch can then split into sub-branches.
Use Keywords and Images:
Replace long sentences with keywords for clarity (this also helps to better process and sinthetize the information).
Incorporate images or symbols where possible. Visual cues help in memorizing and understanding, engaging more of your brain.
Color Coding and Emphasis:
Use different colours for different categories or levels of importance.
Vary line thickness or add icons to highlight critical points or connections.
Make Connections:
Draw lines or arrows between related concepts on different branches to show how they interact or influence each other.
These things have been around for decades. You can try it, if it works for yourself great, if it’s not your thing, well you tried.
Conclusion: Yes, it takes more time. But, by aligning with the brain's natural tendencies, mind mapping not only helps in learning but also in applying that knowledge in nuanced, interconnected ways, which is particularly valuable in investment analysis.
Supporting Papers:
-Farrand, P., Hussain, F., & Hennessy, E. (2002). The efficacy of the 'mind map' study technique. Medical Education, 36(5), 426-431.
-Kang, S., Moon, S., Kim, J., Kim, Y., & Yoo, H. (2012). Effectiveness of mind mapping in academic achievement of medical students in pharmacology. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 6(10), 1742-1745.
-Wickramasinghe, S., Widanapathirana, N., Kuruppu, O., Liyanage, I., & Karunathilake, I. (2016). Effectiveness of mind maps as a learning tool for medical students. South-East Asian Journal of Medical Education, 10(1), 30-36.
-Mento, A. J., Martinelli, P., & Jones, R. M. (1999). Mind mapping in executive education: Applications and outcomes. The Journal of Management Development, 18(4), 390-416.5) The Generation Effect: Learning Through Active Creation
The human brain has a remarkable preference for self-generated information. When we actively create our own examples, explanations, and questions about new material, we form stronger and more lasting memories than when we simply read or listen passively. This phenomenon, known as the generation effect, it’s a great tool if we use it properly. Let’s see how.
Key Idea: When you generate your own content – whether it's examples, explanations, or questions – you're actively constructing knowledge networks in your brain. This construction process creates multiple neural pathways to the information, making it easier to recall and apply later.
Why It Works?
Cognitive Elaboration: The generation effect taps into cognitive elaboration, a process where new information is linked to existing knowledge in your brain. When you generate examples or explanations, you're not just memorizing; you're weaving new data into your pre-existing cognitive tapestry. This integration creates more neural pathways, making recall easier because the information is now part of a larger, interconnected network. I think the example of the Baker / baker paradox illustrates this very easily.
The Baker/baker Paradox. Imagine you meet someone named Baker and then meet someone who is a baker by profession. Which piece of information do you think you will remember more? You are more likely to remember the profession better because "baker" as a job evokes a rich tapestry of associations—images, smells, and actions related to baking. On the other hand, "Baker" as a last name is just a label; you don’t have those deep connections, making it harder to recall. This paradox illustrates the power of semantic richness over phonetic memory, showing how our brains favor information with more meaningful or sensory-based connections for retention.
Effortful Processing: Research shows that the more effort you put into processing information, the better you remember it. Generating content is hard work for the brain, leading to what's known as "effortful encoding". This effort makes the memory more robust because your brain has to work through the material, manipulating it to fit your unique understanding.
Self-Reference Effect: When information is related to oneself, it's remembered better. By creating your own examples or analogies, you're naturally relating the material to your personal experiences or knowledge base, which significantly boosts memory retention due to what psychologists call the self-reference effect.
How I Integrated It into My Routine:
Develop Personal Analogies. When analyzing complex business models, generate your own analogies to explain them.
Write-Ups. Write original investment theses for your holdings. Generate your own narrative about the business model, competitive advantages, and growth drivers.
Structured Generation Exercises. There are a few structured exercises you can implement in your routine as well.
The Question Generation Protocol: After reading any investment-related material,
Generate three "what if" scenarios about the company's future
Create two questions challenging the main assumptions
Develop one alternative explanation for the observed data
The Reverse Analysis Challenge:
Generate arguments against your thesis
Create scenarios that could invalidate your assumptions
Develop alternative interpretations of key metrics: Revenue is growing? Ok, but why? Is there one client that is moving the needle? Are you having a lot of initial orders? Are current customers increasing order size? Think of all the possible explanations for that revenue growth.
The Connection Generation Exercise: This is for learning new investment concepts, ie. you come across an explanation for a new business model, then you would:
Generate three connections to existing knowledge
Develop one unique insight building on the concept
The Feynman Technique: In short, you learn something, explain it to someone, identify gaps, and then repeat the process. I've written a more detailed article on this, which you can find here:
The Power of Simplicity: How to Explain (and Understand) Anything
In 1986, the great physicist Richard Feynman was investigating the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster as part of the Rogers Commission.
Conclusion: By actively crafting your own narratives, analogies, and questions around the material, you're forging a personal connection with it, much like how the profession of a baker sticks in your memory more than a surname. Try to apply this principle to your investment research.
Supporting Papers:
-Bertsch, S., Pesta, B. J., Wiscott, R., & McDaniel, M. A. (2007). The generation effect: A meta-analytic review. Memory & Cognition, 35(2), 201-210.
-Foos, P. W., & Fisher, R. P. (1988). Using tests to promote learning: A review of the generation effect. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(2), 127-134.
-McDaniel, M. A., Waddill, P. J., & Einstein, G. O. (1988). A contextual account of the generation effect: A three-factor theory. Journal of Memory and Language, 27(5), 521-536.
-Nairne, J. S., & Widner, R. L. (1987). Generation effects with nonwords: The role of test appropriateness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13(1), 164-171.
-Slamecka, N. J., & Graf, P. (1978). The generation effect: Delineation of a phenomenon. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4(6), 592-604.6) Some Active Reading Strategies for Investors
While passive reading may expose you to information, active reading techniques transform your engagement with texts into an analytical process that significantly enhances both comprehension and retention.
If you want to go deep into the matter I really recommend “How To Read a Book” by Mortimer J. Adler and Charles Van Doren. The authors discuss the different approaches to reading and how they vary according to the type of material and your goals. There’s certainly not one way to approach reading. I’ll probably do an article about his in the future.
When we read passively, our brain often slips into a state similar to autopilot – we may reach the end of an annual report or market analysis without having truly processed its implications.
Active reading, based in cognitive engagement theory, creates multiple touchpoints with the material, forcing our brain to process information at deeper levels. This deeper processing leads to stronger neural connections and, consequently, better understanding and recall.
Key Idea: Active reading isn't just reading; it's engaging with the text like it's a dialogue. Instead of passively absorbing info, you interact with it, question it, and make it part of your cognitive landscape, enhancing both comprehension and retention.
Why It Works?
Engagement: By actively questioning, summarizing, and connecting, you're processing information at a deeper level, which aids memory and understanding.
Critical Thinking: It forces you to analyze and critique the information, leading to a more thorough grasp of the material.
Memory Enhancement: When you interact with the text, you're creating multiple neural pathways for each piece of information, making recall easier.
How I Integrated It into My Routine:
There are several frameworks that fall under the category of active reading. One of the most well known is the SQ3R Method.
The SQ3R Method:
Survey: Skim the material to get an overview. Look at headings, subheadings, summaries, and questions at the end of chapters in investment literature.
Question: Turn headings into questions. For an investment report, you might ask, "What are the growth drivers for this company?"
Read: Read with the intent to answer your questions. Highlight or note only what answers your queries or adds value.
Recite: After each section, stop and try to recite or summarize the key points in your own words. This tests your understanding and retention (I write them down, works even better).
Review: After reading, review your notes, answers to your questions, and summarize the main points. This consolidation is key for long-term memory.
Annotation:
Margin Notes: Write down thoughts, questions, or connections in the margins. If a paragraph discusses market trends, note how it relates to your current investment thesis.
Symbols and Codes: You can develop your shorthand for different types of information - a star for key facts, a question mark for areas needing clarification, or an exclamation for surprising insights.
Interactive Note-taking:
Two-Column Notes: Divide your page; one side for direct quotes or data, the other for your interpretations or questions about it.
Concept Maps: Visualize relationships between ideas. If you're reading about different investment strategies, map how they relate or contrast with each other.
Conclusion: The key here is to go from passive to active. Active reading transforms the act of skimming financial statements from a passive activity into an interactive, engaging dialogue with the material.
Supporting Papers:
-Kintsch, W., & van Dijk, T. A. (1978). Toward a model of text comprehension and production. Psychological Review, 85(5), 363-394.
-McNamara, D. S., & Kintsch, W. (1996). Learning from texts: Effects of prior knowledge and text coherence. Discourse Processes, 22(3), 247-288.
-Anmarkrud, Ø., Bråten, I., & Strømsø, H. I. (2014). Multiple-documents literacy: Strategic processing, source awareness, and argumentation when reading multiple conflicting documents. Learning and Individual Differences, 30, 64-76.7) The Art of Analogy
Aswath Damodaran begins his classes by asking students whether they are "storytellers" (social science/humanities-focused people) or "number crunchers" (quantitative/technical people). There are usually representatives of both types, and successful valuations require both compelling narratives and solid numerical analysis.7
He recommends an integrated approach (Numbers + Narrative) that is made of 5 steps:
Develop a narrative for the business
Test the narrative against history, experience, and common sense
Convert key narrative elements into value drivers
Connect these drivers to valuation (using tools like DCF models)
Maintain an open feedback loop to adjust as new information emerges
Thinking with analogies helps you with the first step.
Key Idea: Analogies are like universal translators for your brain, converting complex language into stories you can relate to. They help making abstract concepts tangible and memorable.
Why It Works?
Simplification: They distill complex ideas into simpler, known concepts, easing the cognitive load.
Memorability: Stories and analogies stick in our memory because they connect new information to our existing knowledge framework.
Creativity: They encourage creative thinking, allowing you to see investment scenarios from different angles.
How I Integrated It into My Routine:
Find Common Ground: Relate to Personal Experience.
Use Everyday Examples: They are easy to recall and understand.
Cross-Domain Analogies: Use ideas from sports? arts?
Narrative Creation: Not only helps to create a narrative but also to understand which is the current one.
Analogical thinking turns the abstract into the tangible, making it far easier to understand, remember, and apply complex concepts. Maybe, and just maybe a good story can be worth more than a thousand spreadsheets.
Supporting Papers:
-Gick, M. L., & Holyoak, K. J. (1980). Analogical problem solving. Cognitive Psychology, 12(3), 306-355.
-Gentner, D. (1983). Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy. Cognitive Science, 7(2), 155-170.
-Doumas, L. A. A., Hummel, J. E., & Sandhofer, C. M. (2008). A theory of the discovery and predication of relational concepts. Psychological Review, 115(1), 1-43.Conclusion
These are just a few of the strategies available. There’s a whole world out there, and each day we learn more about how the brain works. Two good books on the subject I would recommend are “Ultralearning: master hard skills, outsmart the competition, and accelerate your career” by Scott Young and A Thousand Brains: A New Theory of Intelligence by Jeff Hawkins.
Hopefully by now, you know that your brain is not static but dynamic, capable of growth, adaptation, and profound change.
Just like Buffett's legendary memory, you now have the tools not just to memorize, but also to understand, analyze, and apply a wealth of information with newfound efficiency. Happy investing.
Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. This means your brain can be trained to process, analyze, and interpret the large amounts of data you encounter in investing with greater efficiency and insight.
Glover, J. A. (1989). The "testing" phenomenon: Not gone but nearly forgotten. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(3), 392-399
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1475725717695149
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=55eac2f382e515f4df22a2d98996d2a3aedb25b0
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=55eac2f382e515f4df22a2d98996d2a3aedb25b0
Polack, C. W., & Miller, R. R. (2022). Testing improves performance as well as assesses learning: A review of the testing effect with implications for models of learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 48(3), 222-241.
https://aswathdamodaran.blogspot.com/2014/06/numbers-and-narrative-modeling-story.html
A great read! 😃
Lots of useful stuff! Thanks! Do you have any plans to share your decks, mind maps, or notes?